BGP does not rely on traditional shortest-path algorithms like other routing protocols. Instead, it uses a set of attributes to determine the most efficient and reliable path for routing data across networks. These attributes help BGP routers make intelligent routing decisions based on policies rather than just distance. 

AS Path 

• The Autonomous System (AS) Path records the sequence of ASes a route passes through before reaching its destination. 

• This attribute helps prevent routing loops, as a router can reject routes that already contain its own AS number. 

• Shorter AS Paths are generally preferred, but network policies can override this default behaviour. 

Next Hop 

• The Next Hop attribute identifies the next router in the path that should receive the packet. 

• In eBGP, the next hop is usually the router in the neighbouring AS, whereas in iBGP, the next hop remains unchanged unless modified by network policies. 

• Proper configuration of the Next Hop attribute is crucial to avoid routing inconsistencies. 

Local Preference 

• Local Preference is a numerical value assigned to routes within an AS to control outbound traffic flow. 

• A higher Local Preference value indicates a more preferred route. 

• It is primarily used in iBGP to ensure traffic exits the AS through the most desirable path, such as selecting a primary ISP over a backup provider. 

Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) 

• The Multi-Exit Discriminator (MED) is an optional attribute that suggests a preferred inbound path to neighbouring ASes. 

• It is used when two ASes have multiple interconnection points, helping to optimise inbound traffic distribution. 

• Unlike Local Preference, which influences outbound traffic, MED is a recommendation rather than a strict rule—other ASes can choose whether to honour it. 

BGP plays a critical role in ensuring the stability, efficiency, and scalability of the internet. It dynamically manages traffic routing across multiple networks, adapting to changes in real time to maintain optimal performance. 

Traffic Optimisation 

• BGP continuously evaluates network conditions and selects the most efficient path for data transmission. 

• It factors in latency, congestion, and link failures, rerouting traffic to prevent bottlenecks. 

• This is particularly useful for content delivery networks (CDNs) and cloud services that rely on fast and efficient data transfers. 

Redundancy and Failover 

• BGP ensures high availability by maintaining multiple paths to the same destination. 

• If one route fails due to a network outage, maintenance, or cyberattack, BGP automatically reroutes traffic through alternative paths. 

• This feature is essential for enterprises, ISPs, and data centres that require continuous network uptime. 

Scalability 

• BGP can handle millions of IP prefixes, making it suitable for large-scale global networks. 

• Unlike traditional routing protocols that struggle with high-volume route processing, BGP efficiently aggregates and filters routes to reduce complexity. 

• This makes BGP indispensable for internet service providers (ISPs), multinational corporations, and cloud platforms that operate vast, distributed networks. 

By ensuring efficient traffic flow, network redundancy, and seamless scalability, BGP enhances overall internet performance, supporting the needs of both small enterprises and large-scale global networks. 

Orixcom's Implementation of BGP Protocols and Scalability Features

Orixcom leverages the strengths of BGP to provide robust and scalable network solutions:

• Reliable International IP Transit: A global IP backbone ensures seamless connectivity and superior performance, offering businesses uninterrupted global internet access. 

• Flexible Bandwidth Options: With connectivity options ranging from 1 GE to 100 GE enables catering to diverse networking requirements, facilitating high-speed data transfer and seamless communication across multiple devices. 

• Robust Service Level Agreements (SLAs): Orixcom provides a 99.999% SLA, ensuring reliability and performance. 

• Burstable Options: To accommodate dynamic network demands, Orixcom offers burstable options, ensuring scalability and flexibility in their IP Transit services. ​

• Maximum Service Reliability: With dedicated 24x7x365 monitoring, Orixcom guarantees uninterrupted connectivity and proactive support, ensuring maximum service reliability.